Can Buhari and Ramaphosa mend ties after xenophobic attacks?

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Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari's state visit to South Africa presents an opportunity to address the recent xenophobic violence and discuss strengthening bilateral relations, though deep-seated issues may limit immediate improvements. The discussions are expected to focus on bolstering trade and political cooperation, but the recent attacks targeting foreigners, including Nigerians, have significantly strained the relationship and are likely to be a dominant topic. While both leaders aim to foster harmonious relations and enhance economic ties, analysts suggest that a radical improvement in relations will require sustained commitment beyond this single visit, citing years of "bad management" on both sides.
Addressing Xenophobic Violence and its Aftermath

The state visit, planned before the outbreak of xenophobic violence in September, now carries the added weight of addressing this crisis. The attacks, which resulted in at least 12 deaths and the repatriation of hundreds of Nigerian migrant workers, have sparked outrage in Nigeria. President Buhari is expected to use the visit to discuss the welfare of Nigerians in South Africa and to advocate for reparations for those impacted by the violence. However, South African authorities are anticipated to reject these demands for reparations.
Bolstering Trade and Economic Cooperation

Beyond the immediate crisis, the visit is intended to reinforce trade ties and economic cooperation between Africa's two largest economies. Both nations are seeking to revitalize their economies, and South Africa's presidency has emphasized the potential for enhanced trade and business opportunities. The leaders are scheduled to attend a business forum and co-chair a meeting of the South Africa-Nigeria Bi-National Commission, an initiative aimed at boosting collaboration.
Historical Context and Lingering Disputes

The relationship between Nigeria and South Africa reached a peak in the early 2000s, characterized by significant political cooperation. However, ties have since been complicated by various legal disputes, notably involving South African telecommunications giant MTN. While the company has resolved most of its long-standing issues with Nigerian authorities, such as floating its shares on the Nigerian stock exchange, past disputes have impacted the bilateral relationship.
Diversification and Protectionist Measures

President Buhari is seeking to diversify Nigeria's economy away from its heavy reliance on oil, viewing South Africa as a potential partner in developing its agricultural and mining sectors. Despite signing the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement, Buhari has also pursued protectionist policies, including increased restrictions on food imports and trade with neighbouring countries like Benin and Niger. These measures could present complexities in broader economic engagement.

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Can Buhari and Ramaphosa mend ties after xenophobic attacks?

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