Can Muslims offer prayers for deceased non-Muslims according to Islamic law?

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Islamic Law on Offering Prayers for Deceased Non-Muslims

Islamic religious scholars hold differing interpretations regarding the permissibility of Muslims offering prayers for deceased non-Muslims. Some prominent figures cite specific religious texts to argue against such practices, while others suggest alternative expressions of sympathy that align with Islamic principles. The core of the debate revolves around the nature of prayer and its exclusive applicability within the Islamic faith.
Interpretations Regarding Prayer for Non-Muslims

Certain Islamic religious leaders have stated that Muslims are prohibited from offering prayers for deceased non-Muslims. This stance is often grounded in interpretations of the Quran, specifically Surah At-Taubah, verse 113. This verse, according to some scholars, implies that prayers of supplication for forgiveness or peace are reserved for Muslims. Therefore, phrases like "Rest in Peace" (RIP) are considered inappropriate for Muslims to use for non-Muslims, as they are seen as a form of prayer specific to non-Islamic beliefs. Despite this restriction on prayer, these same leaders generally affirm that Muslims are encouraged to visit and show respect to the deceased and their families.
Differing Views Among Religious Authorities

The differing opinions among Islamic religious leaders highlight the nuanced nature of Islamic jurisprudence on this matter. While one perspective emphasizes the strict adherence to prayer as an act of worship exclusive to believers, another acknowledges the importance of interfaith respect and empathy. Preachers like Azhar Idrus have echoed the sentiment that direct prayers for the deceased non-Muslim's forgiveness or peace are not permissible, even for close relatives. However, he has noted that prayers for the guidance of living non-Muslims are considered acceptable within Islamic teachings.
Permissible Expressions of Condolence

In response to the complexities surrounding expressing sympathy, some religious bodies have offered guidance on permissible alternatives. The Federal Territories Mufti’s Office, for instance, has suggested that Muslims can convey their condolences to non-Muslims using phrases that express sympathy without compromising their faith. One such recommended phrase is "May Allah replace it with something better for you." This approach aims to enable Muslims to offer comfort and show respect to those grieving, while maintaining adherence to their religious tenets regarding prayer and supplication.

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Can Muslims offer prayers for deceased non-Muslims according to Islamic law?

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