Does China uphold its international obligations on Hong Kong?

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China's Adherence to International Obligations Regarding Hong Kong is Questioned

The question of whether China upholds its international obligations concerning Hong Kong is a subject of significant dispute, particularly following Beijing's imposition of new security legislation. Britain has asserted that this legislation represents a "clear and serious" violation of the 1984 Joint Declaration, the treaty under which Hong Kong was returned to Chinese sovereignty. In response to the new security law, the UK announced it would offer approximately 3 million Hong Kong residents holding British National (Overseas) passports a pathway to British citizenship.
UK Accuses China of Violating Joint Declaration

The British government has explicitly stated that China's new security law for Hong Kong constitutes a violation of the 1984 Joint Declaration. This historical agreement, signed by both the UK and China, established the "one country, two systems" framework, which was intended to guarantee a high degree of autonomy and specific freedoms for Hong Kong residents for 50 years after the 1997 handover. These guaranteed freedoms, distinct from those on the mainland, have long been a cornerstone of Hong Kong's unique status, including its independent judiciary and civil liberties.
China Denies Interference and Criticises UK Policy

China's Ambassador to London, Liu Xiaoming, has refuted these accusations, labelling Britain's actions and remarks regarding Hong Kong as "gross interference" and "irresponsible." He specifically criticised the UK's offer of a path to citizenship for BNO passport holders, deeming it a violation of international relations norms and China's internal affairs. Ambassador Liu indicated that China's reaction to this policy would depend on how Britain proceeds with its implementation, suggesting a potential link between this issue and other bilateral matters.
Trust and International Commitments Under Scrutiny

British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab has directly challenged China's position, emphasizing that the Joint Declaration was freely signed by China and stipulated guarantees for Hong Kong's freedoms. Raab has publicly questioned China's commitment to its international obligations, a sentiment echoed by broader international concerns about Beijing's adherence to its commitments. The ongoing debate highlights a fundamental disagreement over the interpretation and application of the Joint Declaration and the "one country, two systems" principle.

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Does China uphold its international obligations on Hong Kong?

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