How does carbon fibre compare to steel in cost and strength?

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Carbon Fibre Possesses Superior Strength but Significantly Higher Cost Compared to Steel

Carbon fibre is a material noted for its exceptional toughness, surpassing that of steel. However, this enhanced strength comes at a considerably higher price point. Consultancy Frost & Sullivan estimates that carbon fibre production costs approximately US$20 per kilogram, a stark contrast to steel, which is priced around US$1 per kilogram. This substantial cost difference is a primary factor limiting the widespread adoption of carbon fibre in large-scale manufacturing, despite its advanced material properties.
Strength Advantage of Carbon Fibre

The material used in BMW's i3 electric vehicle's passenger frame, carbon fibre, is described as being tougher than steel. This characteristic is crucial for automotive applications where structural integrity and passenger safety are paramount. The inherent strength of carbon fibre allows for the creation of lighter yet more robust components, contributing to overall vehicle performance and efficiency.
Significant Cost Disparity

A major barrier to the broader use of carbon fibre is its prohibitive cost. Frost & Sullivan's estimates place the price of carbon fibre at approximately US$20 per kilogram. This figure highlights the economic challenge for manufacturers looking to incorporate this advanced material into high-volume production vehicles, as it is over twenty times more expensive than traditional steel.
Steel's Economic Viability

In contrast to carbon fibre, steel remains a highly cost-effective material for automotive manufacturing. Its cost of about US$1 per kilogram makes it an economically viable choice for mass-produced vehicles, particularly for components where its strength-to-weight ratio is sufficient. This cost advantage is a key reason why steel has been a mainstay in the automotive industry for decades.

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How does carbon fibre compare to steel in cost and strength?

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