How does China justify the existence of these overseas service stations?

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China Justifies Overseas Stations as Service Centres for Nationals Abroad

China asserts that the overseas stations, including those reportedly in the Toronto area, are established solely to provide administrative services to Chinese nationals living abroad, such as facilitating driver’s licence renewals. Beijing maintains that these facilities operate within the bounds of international law and fully respect the judicial sovereignty of other countries, denying any involvement in policing operations on foreign soil. The Chinese government has stated that its public security agencies strictly adhere to international legal frameworks.
Allegations of Harassment and Extraterritorial Policing

Canadian officials, including senior foreign ministry official Weldon Epp, have formally raised concerns with Beijing regarding these outposts. Canada has insisted that the Chinese government cease any activities within its borders that fall outside the Vienna Conventions, which govern consular and administrative services through official diplomatic missions. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are investigating reports of criminal activity and harassment directed at Chinese expatriates, with allegations that agents have pressured individuals to return to China to face charges.
Safeguard Defenders' Findings

The Spanish-based human rights group Safeguard Defenders identified more than 50 such outposts globally, including three in the Toronto area. Their reports suggest these stations serve a purpose beyond administrative services, alleging they are used for tracking and pursuing targets abroad. A recently unsealed indictment in the United States detailed an instance where a person residing in Canada was allegedly pressed to return to China, with coordination of some US operations reportedly occurring from Toronto.
Canadian Government's Response

Canada has summoned Beijing’s ambassador to Ottawa to explain the reports and has engaged in multiple discussions, conveying deep concern over the alleged activities. Weldon Epp indicated that Ottawa is considering further decisions based on China’s response to these concerns. The government is focused on ensuring that any activities conducted within Canada by foreign entities comply with established international conventions.

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How does China justify the existence of these overseas service stations?

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