How does the potential new deal differ from the 2015 JCPOA?

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The Terms of a Potential New US-Iran Peace Deal Remain Undisclosed, Making Direct Comparison to the 2015 JCPOA Impossible

The United States has indicated it is nearing a peace agreement with Iran that would conclude a three-month conflict. However, the specific conditions of this prospective accord have not yet been publicly revealed. Consequently, it is not possible at this juncture to ascertain how the new deal's provisions will compare to those of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA, agreed upon by Iran, the US, Russia, China, France, Britain, and Germany, aimed to extend the timeline for Iran to develop a nuclear weapon.
Details of the 2015 JCPOA's Nuclear Restrictions

Under the 2015 JCPOA, Iran committed to several key limitations on its nuclear program. These included capping uranium enrichment at 3.67 per cent purity for 15 years, significantly below the 90 per cent required for weapons-grade material. Iran also agreed to limit its enriched uranium stockpile to 300 kilograms and reduce its operational centrifuges from approximately 19,000 to 6,100. Furthermore, the Fordow enrichment facility was slated for conversion into a research centre, and Iran agreed to redesign its Arak heavy-water reactor to prevent the production of weapons-grade plutonium.
Sanctions Relief Under the 2015 Agreement

In exchange for these nuclear restrictions, the JCPOA stipulated the lifting of various sanctions imposed on Iran. The United States, European Union, and United Nations removed sanctions targeting key Iranian sectors such as oil, gas, petrochemicals, banking, shipping, and automotive industries. Sanctions on trade in gold and minerals were also lifted, and the Central Bank of Iran and other entities were removed from sanctions lists. The US also permitted the sale of commercial aircraft and the import of Iranian carpets and food products.
Withdrawal from the JCPOA and Subsequent Breaches

The framework established by the JCPOA began to unravel when the United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018 under the Trump administration and reinstated sanctions. In response, Iran commenced breaching the terms of the deal in 2019. United Nations sanctions were subsequently reimposed in 2025, leading to the effective termination of the JCPOA. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had been granted extensive inspection powers under the original agreement to monitor Iran's compliance.

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How does the potential new deal differ from the 2015 JCPOA?

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