How has Penang reclamation since 2016 reduced coastal fishermen’s catches?

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Penang Reclamation Projects Have Significantly Reduced Coastal Fishermen's Catches Since 2016

Reclamation projects initiated in Penang waters since 2016, specifically at Seri Tanjung Pinang (1 and 2) and Gurney Wharf, have led to a marked decline in the volume and diversity of catches for local coastal fishermen. These developments have resulted in substantial income loss for affected individuals and a noticeable deterioration in seawater quality.
Decline in Prawn and Fish Yields

Fishermen involved in the Seri Tanjung Pinang and Gurney Wharf reclamation projects, which commenced in 2016, reported a drastic reduction in their daily catches. Large prawn catches, which previously yielded around 15 kg per day, have plummeted to just 1-2 kg. Furthermore, species such as clams, pomfret, and ikan sembilang have become virtually non-existent in the affected areas, with catches of other fish species also experiencing significant decreases.
Deterioration of Marine Environment and Income Loss

The reclamation activities have been directly linked to a decline in seawater quality, described by fishermen as becoming dirty, muddy, and turbid. This environmental degradation has had a direct economic impact on the livelihoods of these fishermen. For instance, one fisherman's monthly income reportedly fell from RM2,000 prior to the reclamation to RM600 afterwards, underscoring the severe financial hardship faced by the community.
Historical Precedent from Butterworth Outer Ring Road Project

The negative impacts of reclamation on fishing catches are not unique to the recent projects. The Butterworth Outer Ring Road (BORR) reclamation project, completed in 2005, also severely affected the quantity and diversity of marine life in its vicinity. Even up to the present, the marine catch in the BORR area has not recovered to its pre-reclamation levels, serving as a precedent for the long-term consequences of such development.
Loss of Popular Fish Species and Increased Costs

Beyond specific species, the overall abundance of fish has diminished. The sea between Butterworth and Tanjung Tokong, once renowned for ikan kembung, a staple "people's fish," now rarely yields significant quantities. Additionally, the increased debris in the water, possibly linked to reclamation and dumping, frequently damages fishing nets, adding to the operational costs for fishermen who rely on these expensive tools for their livelihood.

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How has Penang reclamation since 2016 reduced coastal fishermen’s catches?

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