How is ethyl chloride abused in Singapore?

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Ethyl Chloride Abuse in Singapore Primarily Involves Inhalation of Muscle Sprays

In Singapore, ethyl chloride is abused through the inhalation of muscle sprays that contain the substance. These sprays, often marketed for skin anaesthesia and external use only, are readily accessible online and over-the-counter in pharmacies, typically costing around S$14 per 100ml bottle. Individuals seeking to get high typically spread the liquid onto a cloth and inhale it until intoxication is achieved, a practice that carries significant risks of poisoning and death.
Abuse Method Involves Inhaling from a Cloth

The common method of abuse involves users applying the ethyl chloride-containing muscle spray onto a cloth. This cloth is then used for inhalation until the individual experiences an intoxicated state. This technique is frequently employed by those seeking to achieve a euphoric or numbing effect.
Accessibility of Muscle Sprays Facilitates Abuse

Muscle sprays containing ethyl chloride are easily obtainable through both online retailers and physical pharmacies without requiring a prescription. This widespread availability, coupled with a relatively low cost, contributes to their accessibility for abuse. Reports indicate that such products are specifically used for pain relief, making them appear innocuous to the general public.
Health Risks and Awareness Challenges

The abuse of ethyl chloride via muscle sprays poses serious health risks, including poisoning and potentially death, yet awareness among the public and healthcare professionals is reportedly low. This lack of awareness stems from a perception that solvent abuse, including that involving ethyl chloride, is not a "serious" form of drug abuse. This underappreciation of the harms associated with volatile substance abuse addiction and the adverse effects of ethyl chloride is highlighted in medical journal articles.
Historical Context of Abuse and Potential Severity

Reports of muscle spray abuse, particularly among students and youths, have surfaced in Singapore since at least 2009. While some hospitals have not reported recent cases, this may be due to mild and short-lived effects that do not necessitate hospital treatment. However, the potential for severe outcomes is demonstrated by cases such as a 24-year-old Singaporean man diagnosed with ethyl chloride poisoning after abusing muscle spray several times a week for two months, presenting with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, and tremors.

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How is ethyl chloride abused in Singapore?

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