How is federal law distinguished from state law?

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Federal Law is Distinguished from State Law by the Legislative Body that Enacts It

Federal law encompasses legislation passed by Parliament, whereas state law comprises legislation enacted by State Legislative Assemblies. Both categories fall under the umbrella of "written law" as defined by Article 160(2) of the Federal Constitution. This distinction is fundamental to the Malaysian legal system, outlining the respective powers and jurisdictions of federal and state legislative bodies.
Federal Law Originates from Parliament

Legislation designated as federal law is created and passed by the Parliament of Malaysia. These laws are commonly referred to as Acts and apply across the entire nation. Examples of federal legislation include statutes governing national security, economic policy, and federal administration.
State Law is Enacted by State Legislative Assemblies

Conversely, state law is the product of the State Legislative Assemblies. These enactments are known as Enactments or Ordinances, depending on the specific state. Their jurisdiction is typically confined within the boundaries of the respective state, addressing matters that fall under state authority, such as land matters or local government.
Fatwas Function as Both Federal and State Law

A unique aspect of Malaysian law is how fatwas are integrated into both federal and state legal frameworks. A fatwa issued under the Administration of Islamic Law Act is considered federal law. When made under the respective Enactments or Ordinances of individual states, it holds the status of state law. Regardless of its classification, a fatwa is legally recognised as a form of law.

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How is federal law distinguished from state law?

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