How many state seats does Penang have, and who holds them?

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Penang Has 40 State Seats, With Pakatan Harapan Dominating After 2018 Elections

Penang possesses a total of 40 state seats. In the 2018 general election, the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition secured a significant majority, winning 37 of these seats. The remaining seats were held by other parties: Barisan Nasional (BN) held two seats, Sungai Dua and Permatang Berangan, while PAS held one seat, Penaga.
Pakatan Harapan's Strong Performance in 2018

The 2018 general election saw Pakatan Harapan achieve a commanding victory in Penang, capturing 37 out of the 40 available state seats. This outcome reflected a substantial shift in the state's political landscape at the time, with Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia still a component of the PH coalition.
Barisan Nasional and PAS Held Minority Seats

Prior to subsequent political realignments, Barisan Nasional maintained control over two state constituencies: Sungai Dua and Permatang Berangan. PAS, another opposition party, held a single seat, Penaga. These represented the opposition's presence in the state legislative assembly following the 2018 polls.
Shifts in Seat Holding Due to Party Hopping

The political composition of four seats—Seberang Jaya, Sungai Acheh, Teluk Bahang, and Bertam—changed after Parti Bersatu Malaysia exited the PH coalition, and two PKR assemblymen joined Bersatu. These seats subsequently fell under the Perikatan Nasional bloc. However, these four assemblymen were later compelled to vacate their seats in March, following the state legislative assembly's approval of a motion enforcing the state's anti-hopping law.

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How many state seats does Penang have, and who holds them?

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