How will space satellites help detect global methane emissions?

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Space Satellites Will Be Utilised to Detect and Identify Global Methane Emissions

Space satellites will be deployed as part of a new initiative, the Methane Alert and Response System (MARS), to detect methane plumes globally. This system aims to identify the scale of these emissions and pinpoint the specific company or government responsible for the leaks. Information regarding the detected leaks will be initially shared with the responsible party for a period of 45 to 75 days before being made public.
Detection and Sizing of Methane Plumes

The MARS system will leverage an existing network of space satellites to identify methane plumes across the Earth. Beyond mere detection, the system is designed to estimate the size of these plumes, providing a quantitative measure of the emissions. This capability is crucial for understanding the magnitude of the problem and for tracking progress in emission reduction efforts.
Identification of Responsible Parties

A key function of the MARS system is its ability to identify the specific company or government that is the source of the methane leaks. This is achieved by correlating the detected plumes with operational data and geographical locations, allowing for the attribution of responsibility. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) will use this information to engage with the identified entities.
Information Sharing and Public Disclosure Protocol

Following the detection of a methane leak, information will first be communicated directly to the company or government identified as responsible. This initial 45-75 day period is intended to allow these entities to investigate the source of the leak and implement necessary repairs. If emissions are not addressed within this timeframe, details about the leak and the response (or lack thereof) will be subsequently released into a public database.
Initial Focus on Oil and Gas Operations

The MARS system will initially concentrate its efforts on global oil and gas operations, which are recognised as significant contributors to methane emissions. This focused approach allows for the refinement of detection and response mechanisms within a major industrial sector. The program is planned to gradually expand its coverage in the future to encompass other industries, including coal, waste management, livestock farming, and rice cultivation.

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How will space satellites help detect global methane emissions?

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