What actions by Singapore demonstrated sovereign intent on Pulau Batu Puteh?

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Singapore's actions on Pulau Batu Puteh demonstrated sovereign intent and were considered by the ICJ in its ruling.

Singapore's exercise of authority on Pulau Batu Puteh, including operational responsibilities and development plans, was a significant factor in the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) decision regarding sovereignty. The court noted that these actions, undertaken by Singapore and its predecessors, reflected both the effective exercise of sovereign attributes and a sovereign intention. Malaysia's lack of response to these activities further supported Singapore's claim.
Operation of the Lighthouse and Accident Investigations

Singapore served as the operator of the lighthouse on Pulau Batu Puteh. This operational role extended to investigating marine accidents in the vicinity, an activity that indicated direct governance and responsibility over the maritime area surrounding the island.
Control Over Access and Reclamation Plans

The island republic exercised control over visits to Pulau Batu Puteh, requiring permission for access. Furthermore, Singapore had developed plans for land reclamation around the island. These actions demonstrated a proactive approach to managing and developing the territory, consistent with the exercise of sovereign rights.
Installation of Naval Communication Equipment

Singapore installed naval communication equipment on Pulau Batu Puteh. This strategic installation implied a use of the island for national security and communication purposes, further underscoring its sovereign intentions and the effective exercise of control over the territory.

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What actions by Singapore demonstrated sovereign intent on Pulau Batu Puteh?

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