What are the key characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma in horses?

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Key Characteristics of Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in horses is a type of mucocutaneous skin tumor that predominantly affects adult or aged horses, particularly those with white or partially white coats. Breeds such as the Appaloosa, Belgian, American Paint, and Pinto are noted for their increased susceptibility to this condition. The overall incidence of SCC in the equine population is estimated to be between 2% and 3%.

SCC typically manifests in areas with limited pigmentation and sparse hair growth, most commonly around mucous membranes. This includes locations such as the eyes, lips, nose, anus, and external genitalia. The tumors arise from the squamous cells, which are a type of epithelial cell found in the outer layer of the skin and mucous membranes.

Current treatment modalities for equine SCC encompass a range of interventions. Surgical removal of larger masses is a common approach, often complemented by cryotherapy for smaller lesions. Local chemotherapy injections directly into the tumor site are also utilized. For tumors located near the eyes, topical chemotherapeutic agents in the form of drops may be prescribed, while creams are used for tumors elsewhere on the body. Additionally, some horses are administered an oral medication known as piroxicam, which may help to slow the recurrence of cancerous cells.

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What are the key characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma in horses?

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