What are the three types of punishments under Islamic law as explained by the CJ?

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The Chief Justice outlined three categories of punishments within Islamic law: hudud, qisas, and takzir.

The Chief Justice explained that Islamic law encompasses three distinct classifications of punishments: hudud, qisas, and takzir. These categories differentiate the nature of offenses and the authority dictating their penalties. Hudud and qisas are understood as punishments divinely ordained, while takzir represents penalties determined by judicial discretion.
Hudud punishments are fixed by Allah.

Hudud refers to punishments that are explicitly prescribed by divine decree. These are considered fixed penalties, not subject to interpretation or alteration by human authority, stemming directly from religious texts.
Qisas involves retributive justice, also fixed by Allah.

Qisas, interpreted as retributive justice, shares the characteristic of being divinely fixed. This form of punishment is based on the principle of "an eye for an eye," where the penalty mirrors the offense, and its determination is also attributed to Allah.
Takzir punishments are at the discretion of the judge.

In contrast to hudud and qisas, takzir encompasses punishments for offenses that are not explicitly mandated by divine law. Instead, these penalties are determined at the discretion of the judge, allowing for flexibility based on the specific circumstances of the case and the judge's interpretation of justice within the legal framework.

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What are the three types of punishments under Islamic law as explained by the CJ?

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