What are the main drivers of the current haze crisis?

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The primary drivers of the current haze crisis are land and palm oil plantation fires in Indonesia.

The haze currently blanketing Singapore and affecting parts of Malaysia stems predominantly from land and palm oil plantation fires occurring in Indonesia. This recurring environmental issue has reached a historic intensity, surpassing the severity experienced in 1997-98. Reports consistently identify these fires as the root cause, leading to significant air pollution across the region.
Indonesian Fires as the Main Cause

Fires, particularly those related to land clearing for agricultural purposes such as palm oil plantations, are the principal contributors to the current haze. These fires release vast amounts of smoke and particulate matter into the atmosphere, which are then carried by wind currents to neighbouring countries. The intensity of these fires has resulted in air quality readings in Singapore reaching unprecedented levels, while several areas in Malaysia have also registered unhealthy pollution levels.
Recurrent Nature of the Haze Phenomenon

The haze crisis is not a new occurrence; it is a recurrent phenomenon that resurfaces periodically, often linked to dry seasons when land clearing activities escalate. While there was a relative improvement in haze management in the years following the 1997-98 crisis, the problem has significantly worsened over the past two years. This cyclical nature highlights the persistent challenges in effectively managing land use and preventing the use of fire for clearing.
Challenges in Addressing the Root Causes

Addressing the haze effectively requires substantial cooperation from Indonesia, as the fires originate within its borders. While diplomatic channels have been engaged, with Singapore's Prime Minister and ministers raising the issue with their Indonesian counterparts, achieving a resolution is complicated. Doubts persist regarding the efficacy of governmental promises due to decentralisation and differing attitudes between Indonesian ministries. Furthermore, accusations have been made by Indonesian officials suggesting the involvement of Singaporean and Malaysian companies, complicating the attribution of responsibility and underscoring the need for cross-border governance.

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What are the main drivers of the current haze crisis?

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