What biological factors behind healthy ageing are researchers comparing in the study?

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Researchers are comparing biological factors tied to longevity by testing protective genes across age and health groups.
Researchers involved in the DNA Longevo Project are comparing people aged 90 and above (nonagenarians) and those aged 100 and above (centenarians) with others who have developed frailty, cognitive decline, or chronic diseases. The study is designed to look for traits linked to longevity through DNA testing, with an emphasis on protective genes. Scientists leading the work believe inherited factors may play a larger role than environmental influences in preserving health and function later in life.
Nonagenarians and centenarians are the core comparison groups
The project focuses on nonagenarians and centenarians to understand why some people remain physically and cognitively resilient at exceptionally advanced ages. In this study framework, the goal is to contrast these longevity groups against people who show signs of age-related decline.
People with frailty, cognitive decline, or chronic diseases are the contrast group
Researchers are also comparing the longevity groups with people who have developed frailty, cognitive decline, or chronic diseases. This set of conditions is used to identify which biological traits, if any, are associated with healthier ageing rather than typical age-related deterioration.
DNA testing is used to search for protective genes
The study uses DNA testing to look for protective genes, with the expectation that there are several such genes. Coordinators describe the approach as seeking genetic traits that may help protect the heart, muscles, and cognitive function from the effects of ageing.
The project is tied to exceptionally old siblings as a starting point
The work highlights three Brazilian sisters—Zulina de Deus Nunes (103), Zoraide de Deus Mota (104), and Levita de Deus Nunes (109)—as part of the broader investigation into biological factors behind ageing. Researchers say having more people who live past 100, especially families with multiple centenarians, can improve how accurately protective genetic traits are identified.

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What biological factors behind healthy ageing are researchers comparing in the study?

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