What global data show women face a “drop-to-the-top” problem?

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Global Data Indicate a Persistent "Drop-to-the-Top" Phenomenon for Women in Leadership

Globally, women constitute a significant portion of the workforce but remain substantially underrepresented in leadership positions, a disparity often referred to as the "drop-to-the-top." This gap is particularly pronounced in high-growth and high-influence sectors, and recent trends suggest a regression in achieving leadership parity, with projections indicating it will take over a century to close the overall gender gap.
Underrepresentation in Leadership Roles

Despite making up 41.2 per cent of workers worldwide, women hold only 28.1 per cent of leadership positions. This persistent gap highlights systemic barriers that prevent women from advancing to the highest echelons of organisations, rather than a lack of capability.
Disproportionate Impact in High-Growth Sectors

The disparity is most evident in fields that are crucial for economic growth and influence. While women represent nearly one-third of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates, their representation drops sharply to just 14 per cent among STEM leaders.
Regression in Leadership Parity and Board Appointments

Recent data reveal a concerning trend of regression in leadership parity. The proportion of women appointed to new senior leadership roles has declined for three consecutive years, falling to 32.8 per cent in the first quarter of 2025. Similarly, women's representation on boards has decreased, from 17.2 per cent in 2020 to 14.2 per cent in 2024.
Impact of Labour Market Conditions on Women's Advancement

Evidence suggests that during periods of labour market tightening, the hiring of women into leadership roles declines disproportionately. This effect is more pronounced in industries where women are already a minority, further hindering their progression.
Projected Timeline for Gender Gap Closure

At the current pace of progress, closing the global gender gap is projected to take 123 years. More specifically, it is estimated to take 135 years to achieve economic gender parity and 162 years to close the political empowerment gap.

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What global data show women face a “drop-to-the-top” problem?

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