What is the difference between PM10 and PM2.5 measurements for air quality?

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PM10 and PM2.5 Measurements Differentiate Air Quality Based on Particle Size

Malaysia's current air pollutant index (API) measurements utilise PM10 machines, which quantify airborne particles up to 10 micrometres in diameter. In contrast, PM2.5 measurements focus on significantly smaller particles, those with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less. The US Environmental Protection Agency classifies PM2.5 particles as "fine" and highlights them as posing the greatest health risks due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs.
PM10 Measures Larger Airborne Particles

The standard PM10 measurement system counts the concentration of particles in the air that are 10 micrometres or smaller in diameter. This technology provides a general overview of particulate matter but does not distinguish between particles of varying sizes within that range.
PM2.5 Detects Finer, More Harmful Particles

PM2.5 measurements are specifically designed to detect particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less. These are considered "fine" particles by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and they are recognised as being particularly hazardous to human health.
Fine Particles Pose Greater Health Risks

Particles measured under the PM2.5 category are deemed a greater health concern because their small size allows them to be easily inhaled and lodge deep within the lungs. This characteristic means they can have a more significant impact on respiratory and cardiovascular systems compared to larger particles.
Discrepancy in Measurement Standards Highlighted

The distinction between PM10 and PM2.5 measurements has been a point of discussion regarding Malaysia's air quality monitoring. While Malaysia currently uses PM10, there is a call to adopt PM2.5, a standard employed by neighbouring Singapore, to more accurately reflect the health risks associated with air pollution, particularly during haze seasons.

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What is the difference between PM10 and PM2.5 measurements for air quality?

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