What makes airports near coasts and wetlands more vulnerable to bird strikes?

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Airports Near Coastal and Wetland Habitats Face Higher Bird Strike Risks

Airports situated in proximity to coastal areas, wetlands, or agricultural lands are inherently more susceptible to bird strikes. This heightened vulnerability stems directly from their location within or adjacent to natural bird habitats, which provide essential resources like food and shelter. The Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM) has identified specific locations across Malaysia that exemplify this risk due to their unique geographical characteristics.
Proximity to Food Sources in Agricultural Areas

Airports surrounded by agricultural landscapes, such as Sultan Abdul Halim Airport in Alor Setar, are particularly prone to bird activity. The extensive paddy fields serve as a rich feeding ground for various bird species, including sparrows and warblers. These birds are attracted by the abundant availability of insects and grains, leading to a greater concentration of avian life in the vicinity of the airport, thereby increasing the probability of bird strikes.
Migratory Bird Encounters Near Wetlands

The presence of wetlands near airport facilities significantly elevates the risk of bird strikes, especially concerning migratory species. Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), for instance, is located close to the Paya Indah Wetlands. This proximity makes it a frequent site for encounters with migratory birds, particularly during their seasonal movements between March and May, and again from September to November, when large numbers of birds traverse these routes.
Coastal Habitats and Avian Presence

Airports situated along coastlines are also exposed to a higher incidence of bird strikes due to their proximity to coastal bird habitats. Examples include Langkawi International Airport, Sultan Mahmud Airport in Kuala Terengganu, and Kota Kinabalu International Airport. These locations are near ecosystems that support a variety of coastal bird species, whose presence and flight patterns can intersect with air traffic corridors.

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What makes airports near coasts and wetlands more vulnerable to bird strikes?

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