What makes Erg Chech 002 the oldest volcanic meteorite found?

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Erg Chech 002 is Identified as the Oldest Known Volcanic Meteorite

Erg Chech 002 is considered the oldest known meteorite of volcanic origin due to its formation within the first million years of the solar system's existence, approximately 4.65 billion years ago. This space rock originated from the crust of a protoplanet that experienced volcanic activity, distinguishing it from metallic meteorites which typically represent the nuclei of such bodies. Discovered in the Algerian Sahara in May 2020, Erg Chech 002's unique composition and age provide exceptional insight into the early development of planets.
Ancient Formation and Volcanic Origin

The formation of Erg Chech 002 dates back to the very nascent stages of our solar system, around 4.65 billion years ago, placing it among the earliest geological materials known. Unlike many meteorites that originate from asteroids, this specimen is believed to have formed on the surface of a protoplanet, a celestial body large enough to undergo geological processes. The presence of volcanic material indicates that lava accumulated on the surface of its parent body, fueled by internal heat, and subsequently solidified into a crust.
Rarity Among Differentiated Meteorites

Among the approximately 65,000 documented meteorites, only about 4,000 contain "differentiated matter," signifying their origin from larger celestial bodies with tectonic activity. Erg Chech 002 stands out even within this select group. While 95% of differentiated meteorites come from just two known asteroids, this particular meteorite is unique, representing a distinct geological history and a parent body that is not represented by any other known meteorite.
Evidence of Violent Ejection

The composition of Erg Chech 002 displays clear evidence of rapid cooling, suggesting a sudden and violent event that ejected the rock from its parent body. This event would have propelled the volcanic crust fragment into space. It is estimated that the parent body was approximately 100 kilometers in diameter.
Billions of Years in Transit

After being ejected into space, Erg Chech 002 journeyed for billions of years, protected within a gravel shell from solar radiation. Its cosmic voyage concluded approximately 26 million years ago when it collided with Earth, where it remained undisturbed for at least a century before its discovery.

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What makes Erg Chech 002 the oldest volcanic meteorite found?

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