What percentage of Icelandic homes were turf houses in 1910?

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Approximately Half of Icelandic Homes Were Constructed from Turf in 1910

In 1910, around 5,500 turf homes constituted more than half of all residences in Iceland. This traditional building method, utilizing readily available turf, was a direct response to the island's scarcity of timber and its harsh climate. While these structures were integral to Icelandic life for centuries, their maintenance was demanding, and today, only a fraction remain, preserved as cultural heritage sites.
Historical Prevalence of Turf Construction

The use of turf as a primary building material in Iceland dates back to the era of the first Nordic settlers in the 9th century. Due to the island's limited forest resources, turf offered an accessible and cost-effective alternative for construction. Thick turf walls were particularly effective in insulating homes against the cold, a critical factor in Iceland's environment.
Material Properties and Durability Challenges

Turf, when cut into slabs from nearby marshlands, was used to create substantial outer walls, often supported by timber frames made from driftwood or traded wood. Stone foundations were also a common feature. However, the inherent nature of turf meant these homes required frequent rebuilding, typically every 20 years, though some could endure for up to 70 years, due to Iceland's challenging weather conditions.
Decline and Preservation of Turf Homes

By 1910, the 5,500 turf homes represented a significant majority of Icelandic dwellings. However, this architectural tradition began to decline over the subsequent decades. By 1960, only 249 such homes were registered, and today, a small proportion of these survive. Many of the remaining turf houses are now uninhabited, preserved as cultural heritage sites and museums to safeguard this unique aspect of Icelandic history.
Contemporary Practice and Heritage Recognition

While the widespread construction of turf homes has largely ceased, the building tradition is still kept alive by a few skilled craftsmen trained in age-old techniques. Efforts to maintain these structures aim for authenticity and adherence to traditional methods, which are notably time-consuming. In recognition of their cultural significance, 14 turf homes in Iceland have been placed on the tentative list for Unesco World Heritage sites, indicating their potential for future nomination.

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What percentage of Icelandic homes were turf houses in 1910?

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