What pressure will US and partners exert on Iran?

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US and Partners Likely to Increase Pressure on Iran if Nuclear Talks are Misused

The United States and its partners are prepared to increase pressure on Iran if Tehran uses the upcoming indirect talks in Vienna as a means to accelerate its nuclear programme rather than engage constructively. US Special Envoy to Iran Robert Malley stated that Iran cannot leverage the negotiations to build greater influence and then demand more favourable terms, as this approach will not be accepted by the US and its allies. These indirect discussions, involving major powers, are set to recommence after a five-month pause, following the US withdrawal from the 2015 nuclear deal under former President Donald Trump and the subsequent re-imposition of sanctions.
Conditions for Increased Pressure

Increased pressure will be applied if Iran adopts a strategy of using the negotiation period as a cover to advance its nuclear activities while simultaneously delaying progress at the negotiating table. Malley indicated that this course of action is not the preferred route for the US and its partners, but they will be compelled to respond if Iran’s approach necessitates it. The goal of such pressure would be to signal to Iran that its current chosen path is detrimental and that an alternative, more constructive, avenue remains available.
Rationale for Pressure

The impetus for potentially increasing pressure stems from Iran's ongoing nuclear programme, which is seen as jeopardising the fundamental aspects of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The original agreement lifted sanctions in exchange for limitations on Iran's atomic activities. However, after the US withdrawal and the reimposition of sanctions, Iran began to gradually expand its nuclear work, thereby altering the conditions under which the deal was originally struck.
Nature of Potential Pressure

While the specific forms of "increased pressure" were not detailed, in geopolitical contexts, such measures typically encompass a range of economic and diplomatic actions. These can include further tightening of economic sanctions, which have historically been a primary tool used to influence Iran's behaviour, potentially targeting its oil exports, financial institutions, or access to international markets. Diplomatic pressure might involve isolating Iran in international forums, reducing diplomatic engagement, or strengthening alliances with countries concerned about Iran's nuclear ambitions. These actions are generally aimed at compelling a change in policy or behaviour by imposing significant costs on the targeted nation.

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What pressure will US and partners exert on Iran?

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