What specific protein in buffalo leech saliva acts as an anticoagulant?

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Hirudin Protein Identified as Anticoagulant in Buffalo Leech Saliva

Research conducted by Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) has identified hirudin as the specific protein within the saliva of the local buffalo leech (Hirudinaria manillensis) that exhibits anticoagulant properties. Laboratory analyses have confirmed that extracts containing this protein can effectively delay blood clotting, demonstrating a potency comparable to established anticoagulant medications.
Anticoagulant Properties of Hirudin

The protein hirudin, found in the saliva of Hirudinaria manillensis, functions similarly to heparin, a substance widely employed in contemporary medical practices for its blood-thinning capabilities. The UMK study's laboratory tests provided conclusive evidence that the leech protein extract possesses the capacity to inhibit the coagulation process.
Superiority of Buffalo Leeches

Buffalo leeches were selected as the primary focus for this research due to their superior yield of saliva and higher quality protein production compared to land leeches. Despite both types belonging to the same biological family, the buffalo leech proved to be a more significant source for isolating the anticoagulant protein.
Historical and Commercial Applications of Leeches

Beyond their anticoagulant potential, leeches have a long-standing history in traditional medicine for treating various ailments, including gout, acne, and aiding chronic wound healing, particularly in diabetic patients. In modern medical contexts, leech therapy is a regulated practice, with individual leeches used exclusively for a single patient to prevent cross-contamination. Leeches, especially those from Asia, are recognised globally for their quality, with countries like Germany utilising them in pre-heart surgery procedures to ensure optimal blood flow.

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What specific protein in buffalo leech saliva acts as an anticoagulant?

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