What was the status of Sabah and Sarawak before their federation into Malaysia?

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The Status of Sabah and Sarawak Before Federation

Before their federation into Malaysia, both Sabah and Sarawak were Crown Colonies under British rule. This designation meant that they were directly governed by the United Kingdom. Singapore also held the status of a Crown Colony before becoming a self-governing state in 1959.
Direct Rule Under the British Government

As Crown Colonies, North Borneo (the former name for Sabah) and Sarawak were administered by the British government. This form of governance placed them under the direct authority of the United Kingdom. Singapore, similarly, was a Crown Colony from 1946 until it achieved self-governance in 1959, prior to its inclusion in Malaysia.
Formation of Malaysia Through MA63

The Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63), signed on July 9, 1963, formalised the federation. Article I of this agreement stated that the colonies of North Borneo and Sarawak, along with the State of Singapore, would be federated with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya. Following this, the newly formed federation would be named "Malaysia."
Signatories to the Agreement

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore were the parties that signed MA63. This reflected the distinct political statuses of each entity at the time of the agreement. The Federation of Malaya had already attained sovereignty on August 31, 1957.

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What was the status of Sabah and Sarawak before their federation into Malaysia?

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