Which countries remain endemic for polio circulation?

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Pakistan and Afghanistan Remain the Last Endemic Countries for Polio Circulation

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has pledged US$1.2 billion to support global efforts to eradicate polio, with a specific focus on Pakistan and Afghanistan, the only two countries where the virus continues to circulate. This significant commitment underscores the ongoing challenges in achieving complete eradication, despite decades of international intervention. The foundation highlighted its dedication to a polio-free future, expressing optimism for its imminent realization.
Focus on Pakistan and Afghanistan for Eradication

The primary objective of current global efforts is to eliminate polio transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan, which are identified as the final strongholds of the virus. These nations are the last two where polio circulation persists, making them the critical focus for eradication campaigns. The foundation's substantial pledge is intended to bolster these specific initiatives.
Polio Transmission and Prevention

Polio is a highly infectious disease primarily spread through faecal-oral contamination, historically causing thousands of child deaths and paralysis annually. While no cure exists, a vaccine administered through three injections offers nearly 100 per cent immunity. The foundation's funding will directly support vaccination programs and other interventions aimed at preventing further spread.
Broader Global Context of Polio Risk

Beyond the endemic regions, there is a recognized risk of polio reintroduction in other areas. For instance, the Pan American Health Organization previously identified Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Peru as being at very high risk. In New York, accelerated vaccination efforts were initiated after the virus was detected in wastewater, with similar detections occurring in London and Jerusalem, illustrating the persistent threat of global spread.

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Which countries remain endemic for polio circulation?

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