Why do over 100 illegal bases persist along Kelantan-Thai border?

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Over 100 Illegal Bases Persist Along Kelantan-Thai Border Due to Challenging Terrain and Proximity to Settlements

More than 100 illegal bases continue to operate along the Kelantan-Thailand border, primarily in the Tumpat, Pasir Mas, and Tanah Merah districts. The persistence of these sites is attributed to the difficult terrain and their close proximity to public settlements, which significantly complicates continuous monitoring efforts by authorities. Despite intensified enforcement and the closure of some illegal routes since December 2024, these factors create persistent challenges for border security.
Difficult Terrain and Settlement Proximity Hamper Monitoring

The geographical landscape along the Kelantan-Thailand border presents a significant obstacle for effective and continuous surveillance. Coupled with the fact that many of these illegal bases are situated near populated areas, it becomes exceptionally challenging for the General Operations Force (GOF) and other security agencies to maintain a constant watch. This proximity to settlements can provide cover and facilitate movement, making it difficult to detect and dismantle all unauthorised crossing points and operational bases.
Persistent Use of Illegal Routes for Various Activities

Even with enforcement measures in place, individuals continue to utilise these illegal routes for a range of purposes. Between January 1 and July 14 this year, 71 individuals were apprehended for illegally crossing the border via Sungai Golok. These individuals, comprising various nationalities, claimed intentions ranging from shopping and visiting relatives to seeking employment in informal sectors like construction or restaurants. Additionally, some arrests were linked to the smuggling of subsidised goods, indicating the diverse illicit activities facilitated by these bases.
Incomplete Effectiveness of Route Closures

While the closure of illegal jetties and bases was ordered in December 2024, leading some residents to use official routes, the existence of over 100 undetected bases suggests that these measures have not entirely eradicated the problem. The closure of specific points may have displaced some activities or forced a shift in methods, but the underlying infrastructure and the motivation for using these routes remain. The continued presence of these numerous illegal routes underscores that they constitute a serious national security concern, requiring ongoing and potentially enhanced border control strategies.

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Why do over 100 illegal bases persist along Kelantan-Thai border?

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