Why does Malaysia not recognise refugee status officially?

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Malaysia Does Not Officially Recognise Refugee Status Because It Is Not a Party to the 1951 Refugee Convention

Malaysia's official non-recognition of refugee status stems from its status as a non-signatory to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. This lack of formal accession means the Malaysian government does not officially acknowledge the legal standing of refugees, consequently leaving individuals seeking asylum without any defined legal or immigration status within the country.
Non-Accession to the 1951 Refugee Convention

Malaysia has not acceded to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, a foundational international treaty that sets out the rights of refugees and the legal obligations of states to protect them. As a result, the country does not officially recognise the status of refugees, which is a prerequisite for granting them the rights and protections outlined in the Convention. This stance has been a long-standing position, influenced by various domestic considerations and policies regarding immigration and national security.
Lack of Legal and Immigration Status

The direct consequence of Malaysia not being a party to the Convention is that refugees and asylum seekers lack any official legal or immigration status. This precarious situation renders them vulnerable to various forms of hardship and exploitation. Without official recognition, they are susceptible to arrest for immigration offences, potentially leading to detention, charges, imprisonment, and even whipping, as outlined in Malaysian law. The detention of children, including unaccompanied minors, in immigration detention centres further highlights the severe implications of this lack of status.
Impediments to Basic Rights and Services

The absence of official refugee status significantly impedes asylum seekers' access to fundamental rights and essential services. Their ability to secure education, healthcare, and employment is often compromised, contributing to destitution and perpetuating cycles of poverty. While refugees registered with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) may receive some concessions, such as discounted public healthcare, the cost remains prohibitive for many due to low and irregular incomes. This systemic disadvantage affects a substantial population, with UNHCR Malaysia reporting approximately 154,140 registered refugees and asylum seekers as of April 2016, predominantly from Myanmar.

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Why does Malaysia not recognise refugee status officially?

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